Root Canal Treatment

Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is a procedure designed to save a tooth that has been severely damaged by decay, infection, or trauma. Rather than removing the tooth entirely, root canal therapy focuses on cleaning and sealing the inside of the tooth so that it can remain functional. This treatment is often recommended when the inner tissues of the tooth, known as the pulp, become inflamed or infected.

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Why Root Canal Treatment May Be Needed

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The tooth is made up of three main parts:

• Enamel: the hard, protective outer layer.
• Dentin: the middle layer that supports the enamel.
• Pulp: the innermost part containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue.

When the pulp is damaged due to deep decay, cracks, trauma, or repeated dental procedures, bacteria may enter and cause infection. Left untreated, this infection can spread to surrounding tissues and may lead to pain, swelling, and eventual tooth loss.

Common reasons a dentist may recommend root canal treatment include:

• Persistent tooth pain or sensitivity.
• Prolonged discomfort when consuming hot or cold foods.
• Swelling or tenderness in the gums near the affected tooth.
• A tooth that has become darkened due to pulp damage.
• An abscess, which is a pocket of pus caused by infection.

What Root Canal Treatment Involves

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Root canal therapy typically takes one or two appointments, depending on the complexity of the case. The procedure can be summarised in the following steps:

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1. Examination and Diagnosis

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The dentist begins with an examination and may take dental X-rays to evaluate the extent of damage within the tooth and surrounding tissues. This step helps confirm whether root canal treatment is the most suitable approach.

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2. Local Anaesthesia

To ensure comfort, the dentist administers local anaesthesia to numb the affected tooth and the surrounding area.

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3. Accessing the Pulp

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A small opening is made on the chewing surface of the tooth to gain access to the pulp chamber and root canals.

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4. Removal of Infected Tissue

The dentist carefully removes the diseased or dead pulp tissue. Specialised instruments are used to clean and shape the canals, ensuring that all infection is cleared.

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5. Disinfection

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The canals are thoroughly disinfected to eliminate bacteria and reduce the risk of reinfection.

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6. Filling the Canals

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Once cleaned and disinfected, the empty root canals are filled with a biocompatible material, typically gutta-percha. This helps to seal the canals and prevent bacteria from re-entering.

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7. Restoration

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To protect the treated tooth and restore function, a temporary or permanent filling is placed. In many cases, a dental crown may be recommended after root canal treatment to strengthen the tooth, especially if it was significantly weakened by decay or damage.

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What to Expect After Treatment

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It is normal to experience some mild tenderness or discomfort in the days following treatment as the surrounding tissues heal. This can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relief medications.

Patients may be advised to:

• Avoid chewing hard foods on the treated tooth until a final restoration is placed.
• Maintain good oral hygiene practices, including brushing twice daily and flossing.
• Attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and restoration.

Most teeth that undergo root canal therapy can continue to function effectively for many years when properly restored and maintained.

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Benefits of Root Canal Treatment

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While each case is unique, root canal treatment offers several potential benefits:

• Preservation of the natural tooth: Retaining the natural tooth helps maintain normal biting and chewing function.
• Relief from pain or discomfort: By addressing infection, root canal therapy can help reduce pain and sensitivity.
• Prevention of further infection: Cleaning and sealing the canals helps prevent bacteria from spreading.
• Support for long-term oral health: Keeping the natural tooth in place prevents neighbouring teeth from shifting and supports overall dental stability.

Alternatives to Root Canal Treatment

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In situations where root canal treatment is not suitable or the damage is too severe, alternatives may include:

• Tooth extraction: Removal of the tooth may be necessary if it cannot be saved. Replacement options such as dental implants, bridges, or dentures can then be considered.
• Palliative care: In certain cases, temporary relief of symptoms may be achieved through medication, though this does not address the underlying cause.

Your dentist will discuss all available options to help you make an informed decision.

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Caring for Teeth After Root Canal Treatment

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Long-term success of root canal therapy depends not only on the procedure itself but also on ongoing care. Recommendations include:

• Attending regular dental check-ups and cleanings.
• Practising daily brushing and flossing.
• Wearing a mouthguard if you grind your teeth at night.
• Avoid biting down on very hard foods or objects that may damage the restoration.

Conclusion

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Root canal treatment is a well-established procedure that aims to preserve teeth that would otherwise require extraction. Removing infection and restoring the tooth from within it allows patients to maintain their natural teeth and continue with normal daily function.

At Alpha Dental, our team is committed to providing thorough evaluations and clear guidance so patients can make informed decisions about their treatment options. If you are experiencing symptoms such as persistent tooth pain or swelling, scheduling an assessment is an important step toward protecting your oral health.